http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/255 2013-06-19T18:17:41Z 2013-06-19T18:17:41Z Macmillan, J http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6388 2013-06-03T13:07:59Z 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Myths and lessons of liberal intervention: The British campaign for the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade to Brazil Authors: Macmillan, J Abstract: This article takes issue with recent references to the British nineteenth century campaign for the abolition of the trans-Atlantic slave trade to Brazil that serve to bolster interventionist or imperialist agendas. In particular, such accounts reproduce two and a half myths about the campaign: that it can serve as a model for the present age; that the success of the campaign can be explained through the actions of the intervening party alone (with a corresponding neglect of those of the ‘target’ state); and the half-myth that the campaign’s success was due to military action (at the expense of institutional (legal) and normative factors and the capacity of the target state). I argue instead that this case – and interventions more generally – would benefit from an analysis that considers the role of force in relation to a series of residual institutional and cultural constraints within the liberal state and to political conditions in the target state. In light of the complexities and contingencies that these factors present the underlying lesson is that military force should be used sparingly, if at all. Description: This is the Pre-print version of the Article. The official published version can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2012 Martinus Nijhoff

2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Bruin, Mary BA http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6298 2012-12-07T15:04:53Z 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: The transcription and notation of Elizabeth Fry's journal 1780-1845 Authors: Bruin, Mary BA Abstract: This thesis proposes to explain the production of Fry's journal and make available to researchers a full transcription of the autobiographical journal of Elizabeth Fry. This journal tells Fry's life story in an episodic diary format that encapsulates the last forty-eight years of her life. The justification for the production of the transcription and the motivation behind It: The thesis will investigate the importance of Fry's Journal in the evolution of the diary genre. It will justify the huge undertaking entailed in making a full transcription of Fry's journal and will discuss the condition of the journal books and their different locations. How these factors contributed to the delay in producing a transcription earlier will be considered. What motivated Fry to write her journal and what influenced her to continue the process unabated for all her adult life? The reasons Fry had originally given for her journal production changed as her journal evolved and her life priorities changed. I will investigate the destruction of Fry's early journal books and her reasoning behind such editorial interference and her motivation for keeping others. Finally this section will close with an analysis of Fry's journal in order to establish what class within the diary genre it belongs. Dyslexia and its effect on Fry's journal text and the editorial procedures adopted: This part of this thesis discusses the indicators of dyslexia within the journal text and their effect on the journal's production. I explain the resulting methodology adopted to alleviate the destructive effect that dyslexia had on the journal text. I have limited the editorial interventions undertaken when producing the transcription as I wished to maintain the integrity of Fry's journal. The final part of the thesis evaluates Fry's journal by making a comparison with a contemporary journal. The journal I used for comparison was written by Deborah Darby, a woman who shared many of Fry's life experiences. This thesis will establish Fry's journal as belonging to that elite group of great diarists that includes Pepys. The appendices: these consist of a short biography of Fry with a published work explaining her role in the founding of modern nursing. A glossary of Quakers and the Gurney family terminology and finally a bibliography and the first two books, from Fry's journal with notes. Description: This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.

2005-01-01T00:00:00Z Wagland, Richard http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5557 2012-11-12T15:07:25Z 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Age, equality, and cultural oppression: An argument against ageism Authors: Wagland, Richard Abstract: The concept of 'ageism' has often been thought to be of limited moral concern, especially in comparison to other forms of discrimination such as racism and sexism. Nevertheless, there are also those who believe that ageism is morally significant, and there are diametrically opposed views within liberal and egalitarian theory as to whether age discrimination is or is not just. This thesis has two objectives. Firstly, it seeks to overcome the apparent vagueness of the concept that has given rise to such diametrically opposed views concerning ageism by examining exactly what the phenomenon involves. It defines the wrongfulness of much age discrimination as originating in either the nature of the reasons for which people discriminate against the old or the nature of the consequences for the individuals affected. In the course of the thesis I make several important distinctions, the most important of which are between the social and moral worth of a person, and between the synchronic and diachronic interests of a person. These distinctions allow us to distinguish between a culturally oppressive ageism and ageism that is justified by reasons of equality and efficiency. The former is intrinsically morally wrong, the latter extrinsically wrong. The second aim of the thesis is to develop an anti-ageist ethical principle capable of challenging both forms of ageism in a comprehensive way, and which is consistent with a broader liberal egalitarian political theory. This is achieved by drawing on the distinction between the irreducible nature of each person's synchronic and diachronic interests. I have identified the principle that we should protect the synchronic interests of older persons with a democratic social egalitarianism that seeks to equalise the social relations between citizens rather than concentrating upon an equality of distribution. It is in this way that I also connect the debate about the morality (or otherwise) of age discrimination with debates within contemporary liberal egalitarian philosophy. Description: This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.

2004-01-01T00:00:00Z Lonsdale, Jeremy Stephen John http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5220 2012-11-12T15:03:02Z 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Advancing beyond regularity: Developments in value for money methods at the national audit office 1984-1999 Authors: Lonsdale, Jeremy Stephen John Abstract: This thesis examines the development of value for money (VFM) audit methods used by the National Audit Office (NAO) and considers what factors have influenced the identified changes. It also considers how developments compare with those elsewhere in Europe. The thesis is based on examination of more than 300 NAO reports, interviews with senior staff, focus groups, a thorough review of relevant literature, and comparisons with four other state audit offices. The thesis argues that VFM audit has developed into a strong form of evaluative activity, despite a number of constraints. The NAO enjoys a unique combination of the statutory power to initiate wide-ranging reviews; the right to demand documents and gain access to people; and the existence of a powerful parliamentary committee to review its work and ensure a government response to reports. Additionally, during the 1980s and 1990s, the NAO developed its VFM work, and in particular, the methods used, to become a more robust discipline. Although document review and interviews form the basis of much of the work, other methods have been added to the core repertoire, in particular, questionnaires. In addition, a broader range of methods has been used on occasions, from focus groups to systems dynamics. These developments are explained in terms of a response to broader changes in the administrative environment, in particular, new public management reforms. These have increased interest in public sector performance, enhanced the quality of information available, and given greater emphasis to service quality. Consequently, the NAO has sought to demonstrate it can 'add value' and encourage beneficial improvements to public services. Developments in methods are seen as one important way of doing this. The thesis places developments in the context of the growth of evaluative activities in the UK, whilst emphasising the particular focus of VFM work on accountability, and its links with financial audit. Description: This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.

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