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DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Krahmann, E | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2015-01-08T15:29:29Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2012-01 | - |
dc.date.available | 2015-01-08T15:29:29Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2012 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 2012, 40 (2), pp. 343 - 363 | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 0305-8298 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/9686 | - |
dc.description.abstract | The proliferation of armed security contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan has led to widespread criticism of their insufficient control through international laws and conventions. This article suggests that one reason for this omission has been the (re)construction of actors who provide armed force for profit in international legal discourses. During most of the 20th century, armed persons who participated in foreign conflicts for monetary gain were identified as 'mercenaries'. They were outlawed through international legal documents such as the United Nations (UN) Convention on Mercenarism and given restricted rights in the First Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions. Today, the same types of actors are increasingly defined as 'private security contractors', and new discourses and international agreements are emerging that attribute to them legality and legitimacy. The aim of this article is to examine the changing legal constructions of armed security providers since the 1970s and the consequences with respect to their control. The article argues that the (re)construction of actors who supply armed force for money in international legal discourses has been made possible by three main discursive strategies: the distinction between persons and corporations providing armed force for profit, the changing focus from the motivations of these actors to their relationship to a 'responsible command', and the shift from a concern about the actors to one about certain activities. © The Author(s) 2012. | en_US |
dc.format.extent | 343 - 363 | - |
dc.format.extent | 343 - 363 | - |
dc.language | eng | - |
dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
dc.publisher | SAGE. Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav | en_US |
dc.subject | Constructivism | en_US |
dc.subject | Mercenaries | en_US |
dc.subject | Private military companies | en_US |
dc.subject | Regulation | en_US |
dc.title | From 'Mercenaries' to 'private security contractors': The (re)construction of armed security providers in international legal discourses | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.identifier.doi | http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305829811426673 | - |
dc.relation.isPartOf | Millennium: Journal of International Studies | - |
dc.relation.isPartOf | Millennium: Journal of International Studies | - |
pubs.issue | 2 | - |
pubs.issue | 2 | - |
pubs.volume | 40 | - |
pubs.volume | 40 | - |
pubs.organisational-data | /Brunel | - |
pubs.organisational-data | /Brunel/Brunel Staff by College/Department/Division | - |
pubs.organisational-data | /Brunel/Brunel Staff by College/Department/Division/College of Business, Arts and Social Sciences | - |
pubs.organisational-data | /Brunel/Brunel Staff by College/Department/Division/College of Business, Arts and Social Sciences/Dept of Politics, History and Law | - |
pubs.organisational-data | /Brunel/Brunel Staff by College/Department/Division/College of Business, Arts and Social Sciences/Dept of Politics, History and Law/Politics and History | - |
pubs.organisational-data | /Brunel/University Research Centres and Groups | - |
pubs.organisational-data | /Brunel/University Research Centres and Groups/Brunel Business School - URCs and Groups | - |
pubs.organisational-data | /Brunel/University Research Centres and Groups/Brunel Business School - URCs and Groups/Centre for Research into Entrepreneurship, International Business and Innovation in Emerging Markets | - |
pubs.organisational-data | /Brunel/University Research Centres and Groups/School of Health Sciences and Social Care - URCs and Groups | - |
pubs.organisational-data | /Brunel/University Research Centres and Groups/School of Health Sciences and Social Care - URCs and Groups/Brunel Institute for Ageing Studies | - |
pubs.organisational-data | /Brunel/University Research Centres and Groups/School of Health Sciences and Social Care - URCs and Groups/Brunel Institute of Cancer Genetics and Pharmacogenomics | - |
pubs.organisational-data | /Brunel/University Research Centres and Groups/School of Health Sciences and Social Care - URCs and Groups/Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology | - |
pubs.organisational-data | /Brunel/University Research Centres and Groups/School of Information Systems, Computing and Mathematics - URCs and Groups | - |
pubs.organisational-data | /Brunel/University Research Centres and Groups/School of Information Systems, Computing and Mathematics - URCs and Groups/Multidisclipary Assessment of Technology Centre for Healthcare (MATCH) | - |
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