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EEG-DBNet: a dual-branch framework for temporal-spectral representation learning of motor imagery electroencephalography

2026-08-14T02:01:00Z

Title: EEG-DBNet: a dual-branch framework for temporal-spectral representation learning of motor imagery electroencephalography Authors: Qu, Youxi; Lou, Xicheng; Meng, Hongying; Li, Zhangyong; Wang, Jianlin; Mao, Kunpeng; Li, Xinwei Abstract: Purpose: Motor imagery electroencephalography (MI-EEG) decoding remains challenging due to low signal-to-noise ratio and complex temporal-spectral characteristics. This study aims to develop a robust deep learning framework for effective EEG representation learning. Methods: We propose EEG-DBNet, a dual-branch neural network that jointly models temporal dynamics and spectral representations of EEG signals. The model integrates local and global convolutional modules to enable multi-scale feature extraction, complementing the dual-branch design for multi-dimensional temporal-spectral representation learning. To validate robustness, experiments are conducted on two public datasets as well as a self-collected MI-EEG dataset acquired under controlled laboratory conditions. Results: Experimental results show that EEG-DBNet achieves the best average performance on the two public benchmark datasets, BCI Competition IV-2a and IV-2b. On the self-collected CQUPT dataset, EEG-DBNet obtains competitive performance compared with representative baseline methods, suggesting its potential applicability to laboratory-acquired MI-EEG decoding. These results indicate that the proposed temporal-spectral dual-branch design is effective, while further validation on larger self-collected datasets is still needed. Conclusion: The proposed EEG-DBNet provides an effective solution for MI-EEG decoding with improved robustness. The inclusion of multiple datasets, particularly laboratory-acquired self-collected data, highlights its potential for practical brain-computer interface applications. Description: Data availability: The public BCI Competition IV-2a and IV-2b datasets analyzed in this study are publicly available at https://www.bbci.de/competition/iv/. The self-collected CQUPT dataset used in this study is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Search for heavy neutral resonances decaying to tau lepton pairs in proton-proton collisions at √𝑠 = 13 TeV

2026-08-15T07:01:47Z

Title: Search for heavy neutral resonances decaying to tau lepton pairs in proton-proton collisions at √𝑠 = 13 TeV Authors: Hayrapetyan, A; Tumasyan, A; Adam, W; Andrejkovic, JW; Benato, L; Bergauer, T; Chatterjee, S; Damanakis, K; Dragicevic, M; Hussain, PS; Jeitler, M; Mora Herrera, C; Rebello Teles, P; Soeiro, M; Vilela Pereira, A; Aldá, WL; CMS Collaboration; Barroso Ferreira Filho, M; Brandao Malbouisson, H; Carvalho, W; Reid, ID; Chinellato, J; Da Costa, EM; Kyberd, P; Da Silveira, GG; Khan, A; Cole, JE; Krammer, N; Li, A; Liko, D; Mikulec, I; Schieck, J; Schöfbeck, R; Schwarz, D; Sonawane, M; Waltenberger, W; Wulz, CE; Janssen, T; Van Laer, T; Van Mechelen, P; Breugelmans, N; D’Hondt, J; Dansana, S; De Moor, A; Delcourt, M; Heyen, F; Lowette, S; Makarenko, I; Müller, D; Tavernier, S; Tytgat, M; Van Onsem, GP; Van Putte, S; Vannerom, D; Bilin, B; Clerbaux, B; Das, AK; De Bruyn, I; De Lentdecker, G; Evard, H; Favart, L; Gianneios, P; Jaramillo, J; Khalilzadeh, A; Khan, FA; Lee, K; Mahdavikhorrami, M; Malara, A; Paredes, S; Shahzad, MA; Thomas, L; Vanden Bemden, M; Vander Velde, C; Vanlaer, P; De Coen, M; Dobur, D; Gokbulut, G; Hong, Y; Knolle, J; Lambrecht, L; Marckx, D; Mota Amarilo, K; Skovpen, K; Van Den Bossche, N; van der Linden, J; Wezenbeek, L; Benecke, A; Bethani, A; Bruno, G; Caputo, C; De Favereau De Jeneret, J; Delaere, C; Donertas, IS; Giammanco, A; Guzel, AO; Jain, S; Lemaitre, V; Lidrych, J; Mastrapasqua, P; Tran, TT; Alves, GA; Coelho, E; Correia Silva, G; Hensel, C; Menezes De Oliveira, T Abstract: A search for heavy neutral gauge bosons (𝑍′) decaying into a pair of tau leptons is performed in proton-proton collisions at √𝑠 = 13 TeV at the CERN LHC. The data were collected with the CMS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb⁻¹. The observations are found to be in agreement with the expectation from standard model processes. Limits at 95% confidence level are set on the product of the 𝑍′ production cross section and its branching fraction to tau lepton pairs for a range of 𝑍′ boson masses. For a narrow resonance in the sequential standard model scenario, a 𝑍′ boson with a mass below 3.5 TeV is excluded. This is the most stringent limit to date from this type of search. Description: Data availability: Release and preservation of data used by the CMS Collaboration as the basis for publications is guided by the CMS data preservation, re-use and open access policy [77]. CMS data availability statement, 10.7483/OPENDATA.CMS.1BNU.8V1W.; A version of the article is available at arXiv:2412.04357v2 [hep-ex] (https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.04357) under a CC BY license. Comments: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at https://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/EXO-21-016 (CMS Public Pages). Report numbers: CMS-EXO-21-016, CERN-EP-2024-292. Journal reference: Phys. Rev. D 111 (2025) 112004. Submission history: From: The CMS Collaboration: [v1] Thu, 5 Dec 2024 17:16:13 UTC (454 KB); [v2] Wed, 18 Jun 2025 08:14:20 UTC (418 KB).

Measurement of 𝐵 meson production fraction ratios in proton-proton collisions at √𝑠 = 13 TeV using open-charm and charmonium decays

2026-08-15T07:10:26Z

Title: Measurement of 𝐵 meson production fraction ratios in proton-proton collisions at √𝑠 = 13 TeV using open-charm and charmonium decays Authors: Hayrapetyan, A; Makarenko, V; Tumasyan, A; Adam, W; Andrejkovic, JW; Benato, L; Bergauer, T; Dragicevic, M; Giordano, C; Hussain, PS; Jeitler, M; Segal, J; Natoli, J; Sun, X; Barbagli, G; Górski, M; Lintuluoto, A; Liko, D; Danev, P; Komurcu, Y; Mason, D; Wulansatiti, M; Xiao, J; Wang, J; Polikarpov, S; Wolf, M; Martinez, G; Bragagnolo, A; Bardelli, G; Brown, CE; Wissing, C; Caillol, C; Cerminara, G; Adamov, G; Connor, P; Yan, X; Jayatilaka, B; Mieskolainen, M; Robmann, P; Pacher, L; Cheng, T; Nibigira, E; d’Enterria, D; Dabrowski, A; Hundhausen, D; Jakovcic, K; Lusiani, E; Zhang, D; Shahzad, MA; Pinna, D; Roy, D; David, A; De Roeck, A; Schmidt, A; Bower, S; Saka, H; Ferguson, T; Hajdu, C; Lee, D; Albert, A; Yu, I; Defranchis, MM; Hadjiiska, R; Deile, M; Nash, J; Dobson, M; Lomidze, I; Margoni, M; Popescu, S; Funk, W; Chatterjee, S; CMS collaboration; Gaddi, A; Rykaczewski, H; Baldenegro Barrera, C; Pastrone, N; Vannerom, D; Jaffel, K; Jindariani, S; Maier, S; Giani, S; Tiwari, PC; Sorrentino, G; Das, AK; Gigi, D; Gill, K; Senger, M; Glege, F; Grove, D; Chen, KF; Hassani, A; Ptochos, F; Iemmi, F; Glowacki, M; Chen, Y; Lee, K; Eckstein, D; Gruber, A; Yohay, R; Liang, Z; Savin, A; Iaydjiev, P; Hegeman, J; Shokr, E; Seixas, J; Heikkilä, JK; Ahmad, A; Foudas, C; Osite, D; Huber, B; Tsamalaidze, Z; Ruspa, M; King, J; Gallo, E; Baden, A; Innocente, V; Johnson, M; Pesaresi, M; Taus, R; Finger, M; Stäger, F; Siamarkou, E; Vourliotis, E; Bilandzija, F; James, T; Adams, T; Shang, V; Janot, P; Kaluzinska, O; Karacheban, O; Peltola, T; Karathanasis, G; Boletti, A; Makarenko, I; Pazzini, J; Chiarito, B; Cummings, G; Lanteri, L; Gomez-Ceballos, G; Joshi, U; Mormile, M; Misheva, M; Laurila, S; Lecoq, P; Eberlins, OM; Skovpen, Y; Bhattacharya, S; Pradeep, PB; Sharma, V; Del Re, D; Bartolini, M; Snigirev, A; Belloni, A; Siviero, F; Palmer, C; Kotamnives, P; Lourenço, C; Dauncey, P; Srimanobhas, N; Lee, S; Lyon, A-M; Magherini, M; Malgeri, L; Calandri, A; Mannelli, M; Shadskiy, N; Valencia Palomo, L; Müller, Th; Nanda, S; Mehta, A; Roland, G; Spanier, S; Meijers, F; Smith, WH; Radburn-Smith, BC; Mersi, S; Camaiani, B; Botta, V; Vaandering, EW; Ronchese, P; Chou, JP; Shopova, M; Wuchterl, S; Bistany-riebman, J; Meschi, E; Geiser, A; Bauer, G; Chistov, R; Akrap, P; Sola, V; Bastos, D; Migliorini, M; Monti, F; Moortgat, F; Sexton-Kennedy, E; Zhou, C; Pfeffer, E; Teague, D; Jackson, WJ; Bhattacharya, S; Mulders, M; Rossin, R; Richards, A; Cassese, A; Tramontano, R; Sánchez Hernández, A; Rossi, A; Musich, M; Neutelings, I; De Lentdecker, G; Harte, TG; Orfanelli, S; Pantaleo, F; Oh, SB; Pari, M; Sultanov, G; Padley, BP; Boccali, T; Ozkorucuklu, S; Solano, A; Bhyun, JH; Colling, D; Boyaryntsev, A; Gurpinar Guler, E; Novak, T; Simonetto, F; Petrucciani, G; Presilla, M; Oh, YD; Schröder, M; Bornheim, A; Pfeiffer, A; Gallegos Maríñez, LG; Jabusch, HR; Pierini, M; Pitt, M; Qu, H; McBride, P; Klijnsma, T; Jung, AW; Clark, SV; Rabady, D; Santocchia, A; Cerri, O; Arteaga Escatel, S; Manthos, N; Tonjes, MB; Sekmen, S; Virdee, T; Vojinovic, M; Wardle, N; Staiano, A; Winterbottom, D; De Iorio, A; Donnelly, S; Sguazzoni, G; Frosina, L; Cole, JE; Ceccarelli, R; Khan, A; Danilov, M; Asenov, P; Avati, V; Kyberd, P; Re, V; Reid, ID; Wang, Q; Dimitrov, A; Gokbulut, G; Dutta, I; Kapoor, A; Gadkari, D; Razis, PA; Ko, S; Goncharov, M; Abdullin, S; Tae, B; Consuegra Rodríguez, S; Brinkerhoff, A; Chauhan, S; Hou, W-S; Kansal, R; Kwon, H; Murray, M; Sakulin, H; Kapsiak, C; Kwan, S; Collins, E; Casarsa, M; Dimova, T; Gregores, EM; Darwish, MR; Dittmann, J; Mao, J; Hatakeyama, K; Hegde, V; Leyva Pernia, D; Hiltbrand, J; Ciulli, V; Smith, VJ; Vander Velde, C; Gershtein, Y; Triossi, A; McMaster, B; Merkel, P; Guo, Q; Sonawane, M; Yoon, I; Hsu, TH; D’Alfonso, M; Feld, L; Prosper, H; Anguiano, J; Samudio, J; Lin, K-Y; Everaerts, P; Liao, H; Newman, HB; Salvatico, R; Yang, YC; Sawant, S; Klein, K; Sutantawibul, C; Mrenna, S; Wilson, J; Kim, HS; Hogan, JM; Stakia, A; Bartek, R; Reales Gutiérrez, G; Backhaus, M; Riccardi, C; Lipinski, M; Lipka, K; Kaur, M; Dominguez, A; Ershov, A; Cossutti, F; Civinini, C; Raj, S; Grosso, G; Jeppe, L; Nahn, S; Vaselli, F; Guler, Y; Simsek, AE; Halkiadakis, E; Yu, SS; Bam, B; Kim, MS; Sanchez Cruz, S; Lohmann, W; Hirosky, R; Liu, G; Brooke, JJ; Meuser, D; Salvini, P; Buchot Perraguin, A; Melachroinos, G; Pinheiro, JP; Hos, I; Campbell, S; Ngadiuba, J; Kao, YW; Chudasama, R; Redjimi, R; Ferencek, D; Pradhan, R; Scarfi, S; Cooper, SI; Malvaso, J; Crovella, C; Harris, P; Fidalgo, G; Heindl, M; Lazarovits, M; Gleyzer, SV; Würthwein, F; Khukhunaishvili, A; Sievert, T; Andreou, I; Matchev, K; Noonan, D; Hinzmann, A; Grynyov, B; Bak, G; Mankel, R; Painesis, Z; Feng, Y; Kondratyev, D; Yang, Y; Meschini, M; Krammer, N; Javaid, T; Lemaitre, V; Pearson, E; Liu, Z-A; Perez, CU; Vai, I; Lustermann, W; Rumerio, P; Selvaggi, M; Usai, E; Verstege, C; Mignerey, AC; Hoang, D; Costa, M; D’Alessandro, R; Crotte Ledesma, H; Ozek, B; Mishra, S; Yi, R; Gninenko, S; Cholak, S; De Castro, G; Demiragli, Z; Dilsiz, K; Klima, B; Karmakar, S; Paraskevas, I; Demaria, N; Nattland, P; Houghton, C; Menezes De Oliveira, T; Erice, C; Wang, J; Melzer-Pellmann, I-A; Gwak, P; Kolberg, T; Fangmeier, C; Fernandez Madrazo, C; Song, JN; Kazana, M; Hadley, NJ; Damenti, L; Gorbunov, I; Beyrouthy, T; Fontanesi, E; Innocenti, GM; Fulcher, J; Ramírez García, M; Golf, F; Black, K; Basile, C; Herve, A; Singla, A; Kole, G; Aushev, T; Jeon, S; Sharma, A; Starodumov, A; Saoulidou, N; Maghrbi, Y; O’Cain, J; Zhong, Y; Gupta, H; Reed, I; Rohlf, J; Gribushin, A; Kim, H; Salyer, K; Focardi, E; Wittich, P; Sperka, D; Norberg, S; Spiropulu, M; Oppenländer, V; Jaroslawski, D; Rose, A; Vitulo, P; Spitzbart, D; Kovalskyi, D; Toms, M; Song, S; Kello, T; Suarez, I; Theofilatos, K; Pauls, A; Lee, KS; Tsatsos, A; Clerbaux, B; Pearkes, J; Aebi, D; Shchelina, K; Sheokand, T; Spiga, D; Krohn, M; Arcidiacono, R; Pérez Adán, D; Wurtz, E; Rothman, S; Ajmal, S; Zecchinelli, AG; Barone, G; Benelli, G; Bonomelli, G; Moon, DH; Elliot, A; Quast, G; Wang, L; Cutts, D; Latino, G; Trocino, D; Li, YY; Ellis, S; Krupa, J; Fedi, G; Gouskos, L; Stepennov, A; Szanyi, I; Krueper, P; Ascioti, ME; Klanner, R; Tziaferi, E; Savard, C; Somalwar, S; Wiens, L; Li, A; Gaile, A; Hadley, M; Tao, J; Paganoni, M; Heintz, U; Ho, KW; Kwon, T; Sulimov, V; Papadimitriou, V; Vlimant, JR; Paranjpe, MM; Grippo, M; Landsberg, G; Lau, KT; Das Gupta, S; Silva, P; Brommer, S; Mendizabal Morentin, M; Kamenev, A; Seo, J; Luo, J; Primavera, F; Liu, M; Palla, F; Isik, C; Ball, AH; Lavezzo, L; Vellidis, K; Mondal, S; Laux Kuhn, T; Roloff, J; Sphicas, P; Russell, T; Arneodo, M; Sagir, S; Dash, G; Petrushanko, S; Lu, R-S; Singh, N; Konstantinou, S; Bilei, GM; Wang, C; Karjavine, V; Shen, X; Stamenkovic, M; Wynne, RA; Venkatasubramanian, N; Barbosa Trujillo, DA; Pathak, A; Behera, PK; Márton, K; Abbott, S; Beirão Da Cruz E Silva, C; Gomes De Souza, R; Johns, W; Ramirez Guadarrama, DL; Torres Da Silva De Araujo, F; Avila, C; Xie, S; Tapper, A; Barton, B; Hou, Q; Breedon, R; Paganis, E; Tsoi, HF; Lenzi, P; Kirsanov, M; Cai, H; Laflotte, I; Pastika, N; Ayala, G; Alison, J; Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, M; Lee, SW; Meyer, AB; Chertok, M; Citron, M; Wang, J; Mejia Guisao, J; Conway, J; Tarricone, C; Müller, D; Cox, PT; Smirnov, V; Lath, A; Carrivale, C; Blend, D; Erbacher, R; Lee, Y-J; Pedro, K; Milella, G; Canelli, MF; Pedraza, I; Klyukhin, V; Su, XF; Matveev, V; Asilar, E; Kwok, KHM; Kaynak, B; Kukral, O; Mocellin, G; Ostrom, S; Wei, W; Menichelli, M; Ciangottini, D; Jose, M; Yoo, S; Seth, C; Adamidis, K; Moral Figueroa, K; Pena, C; Bachtis, M; Akhter, T; Stahl Leiton, AG; Röwert, N; Zisopoulos, I; Prova, PR; Schwarz, D; Lizzo, M; Kaur, A; Raspereza, A; Thomas-Wilsker, J; Zhang, H; Choi, J; Long, K; Chaudhary, G; Leonardo, N; Mussgiller, A; Nargelas, S; Campos, D; Litov, L; Perez Lara, CE; An, S; Chou, PC; Carnevali, F; Cousins, R; Steinbrück, G; Datta, A; Flores Avila, G; Levchuk, L; Hauser, J; Chatzistavrou, T; Koeth, T; Tsai, LS; Potok, O; Zou, R; Yoo, J; Aldá Júnior, WL; Steen, A; Ignatenko, M; Della Penna, L; Ozdemir, K; Iqbal, MA; Lam, T; Lo, YF; Jang, W; Stone, R; Martins, J; Escobar Franco, R; Teroerde, M; Manca, E; Petkov, P; Pikurs, G; De Jesus Damiao, D; Mahon, D; Mans, J; Marzocchi, B; De Leo, K; Rusack, R; Gómez Espinosa, TA; Daumann, C; Sancar, O; Wang, C; Rastorguev, D; Samalan, A; Hoorani, HR; Saradhy, R; Zarucki, M; Strobbe, N; Vanlaer, P; Sikler, F; Diekmann, S; Sunar Cerci, D; Ambrozas, M; Bloom, K; Tali, B; Claes, DR; De Riggi, F; Harilal, A; Salazar Ibarguen, HA; Afanasiev, S; Valuev, V; Shumka, E; Haza, G; Rygaard, L; Papadopoulos, A; Mota Amarilo, K; Florez, C; Hossain, J; Joo, C; Meola, S; Kravchenko, I; Raicevic, N; Dodonova, A; Treille, D; Zoi, I; Thayil, SA; Labe, F; Wang, X; Kallil Tharayil, A; Finger, M; Chen, Y; Rohilla, A; Spiegel, L; Nigmatkulov, G; Veszpremi, V; Clare, R; Tok, UG; Siado, JE; Tabb, W; Thomas, S; Vagnerini, A; Wightman, A; Bruschini, D; Yan, F; Carvalho Antunes De Oliveira, A; Zehetner, P; Baringer, P; Errico, F; Kim, D; Scham, M; Boran, F; Bandyopadhyay, H; Teryaev, O; Vora, J; Wulz, C-E; Hawksworth, M; Fraga, J; Aruta, C; Lu, C; Gary, JW; Piccolo, D; De Coen, M; Pavlov, B; Hay, L; Calligaris, L; Wolf, R; Shin, J; Hsia, HW; Ally, D; Kanemura, M; Iashvili, I; Hanson, G; Kalogeropoulos, A; Alves Gallo Pereira, M; Kharchilava, A; Tlisova, I; Mandal, A; Eich, N; Warden, A; Morris, M; Kim, S; Nguyen, D; Delannoy, AG; Paoletti, S; Zygala, L; Uslan, E; Ferro, F; Castaldi, R; Di Florio, A; Da Molin, G; Khan, WA; Rappoccio, S; Csanád, M; Avery, P; Zejdl, P; Rejeb Sfar, H; Aportela, A; Reyes Vega, JA; Aimè, C; Toropin, A; Rout, PK; Whalen, KC; Kim, RS; Williams, A; Schnake, S; Young, P; Yu, D; Alverson, G; Rand, B; Liu, C; Cattafesta, F; Eliseev, D; Regnery, B; Barberis, E; Ogul, H; Robutti, E; Zorbakir, IS; Bonilla, J; Ko, B; Farkas, K; Korenkov, V; Phan, T; Bell, KW; Bylsma, B; Voytishin, N; Bourilkov, D; Campana, M; Kasemann, M; Lange, W; Brandao Malbouisson, H; Meiring, P; Dervan, J; Mcginn, C; Dutta, S; Ciocci, MA; Haddad, Y; Rendón, C; Han, Y; Schütze, P; Hu, Z; Israr, I; Yigitbasi, E; Krishna, A; Fiorendi, S; Engelke, F; Ravera, F; Kellogg, RG; Lu, M; Yuldashev, BS; Tedeschi, T; Mestvirishvili, A; Manganelli, N; Cipriani, M; Lee, JSH; Sommerhalder, M; Acosta, D; Sharma, A; Arora, A; Gargiulo, R; Langenegger, U; Elgammal, S; Chang, P; Zevi Della Porta, G; Mccarthy, R; Morse, DM; Orimoto, T; Yagil, A; Yalvac, M; Elvira, VD; Stoynev, S; Parker, A; Mudholkar, T; Skinnari, L; Kim, J; Wang, D; Rodriguez, M; Jana, P; Luongo, F; Bevilacqua, T; Rossi, B; Soeiro, M; Keicher, P; Brown, RM; Thoreson, CS; Fehérkuti, A; Tsai, E; Wood, D; Dittmer, S; Gogate, N; Nogima, H; Nikitenko, A; Cherepanov, V; Lee, Y; Branson, JG; Ventura, S; Tosi, S; Schwanenberger, C; Akgun, B; Hahn, KA; Amram, D; Malucchi, M; Zarubin, A; D’Amante, V; 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Dubinin, M; Budkouski, D; Navarrete Ramos, E; Baradia, S; Wadud, MA; Schonbeck, N; Nemes, F; Onel, Y; Xiao, M; Obertino, MM; Royon, C; Piedra Gomez, J; Gasparini, U; Cosby, C; Purohit, A; Herwig, TC; Aleksandrov, A; Guo, B; Candelise, V; Quintana San Emeterio, C; Ford, WT; Hindrichs, O; Scodellaro, L; Vila, I; Maravin, Y; Molnar, J; Vilar Cortabitarte, R; Schleper, P; Vizan Garcia, JM; Stuart, D; Chatterjee, S; Yetkin, T; Kailasapathy, B; Mallios, S; Meng, F; Parmar, N; Turkcapar, S; Hirschauer, J; Hollar, J; Lavoryk, O; Bärtschi, P; Moscatelli, F; Wickramarathna, DDC; Dharmaratna, WGD; Da Costa, EM; Liyanage, K; Coll Saravia, LX; Hogan, S; Perera, N; Antchev, G; Parygin, P; Motta, J; Abbaneo, D; Jesus, SS; Guzel, AO; Pétré, L; Kayis Topaksu, A; Taylor, L; Vander Donckt, M; Giorgetti, S; Li, Y; Tauqeer, K; Mastronikolis, A; Ameen, MM; Seo, H; Rádl, AJ; Amendola, C; Alcerro Alcerro, LF; Reimers, A; Moon, CS; Lawhorn, JM; Ardino, R; Auffray, E; Baechler, J; Bianchini, L; Barney, D; Potrebko, A; Bainbridge, R; Coelho, E; Umoret, G; Rabbertz, K; Assiouras, P; Bianco, M; Eckerlin, G; Pelliccioni, M; Ortona, G; Bocci, A; Borgonovi, L; Awan, MIM; Vámi, TÁ; Botta, C Abstract: Production fraction ratios of 𝐵⁺, 𝐵⁰, and 𝐵⁰_𝑠 mesons are measured in proton-proton collisions at √𝑠=13 TeV using a special dataset recorded in 2018 with high-rate triggers designed to collect an unbiased sample of 1⁢0¹⁰ 𝑏 hadrons with the CMS experiment at the LHC. These data allow the study of the open-charm decays of 𝐵 mesons (𝐵_(𝑠) →𝜋⁢𝐷_(𝑠)) where the 𝐷 meson decays into fully hadronic final states. By utilizing known branching fractions and precise theoretical calculations, production fraction ratios as functions of 𝐵 meson transverse momentum (𝑝_T) and rapidity (𝑦) are measured using open-charm decays in the kinematic range of 8 < 𝑝_T < 60 GeV and |𝑦| <2.25. In addition, the same dataset is used to measure the relative production fraction ratios with the charmonium decay channels [𝐵_(𝑠) → 𝑋⁢𝐽/𝜓 with 𝑋 indicating a 𝐾⁺, 𝐾*(892)⁰, or 𝜙⁡(1020) meson] where the 𝐽/𝜓 meson decays into a pair of muons. The open-charm results are used to normalize the relative production fraction ratios obtained from the charmonium samples. Measurements of the ratios of branching fractions of 𝐵 meson decays to charmonium and open-charm final states are also reported, which will improve the world-average values of these ratios. Finally, we test isospin invariance in 𝐵 meson production in proton-proton collisions and observe that it holds within the experimental precision. Description: Data Availability: Release and preservation of data used by the CMS Collaboration as the basis for publications is guided by the CMS data preservation, reuse, and open access policy [49]. CMS data availability statement, https://doi.org/10.7483/OPENDATA.CMS.1BNU.8V1W .; A version of the article is available at arXiv, arXiv:2602.10270v2 [hep-ex] (https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.10270). Comments: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at https://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/BPH-21-007 (CMS Public Pages). Report number: CMS-BPH-21-007, CERN-EP-2025-176. Journal reference: Phys. Rev. D 114 (2026) 012005. Submission history From: The CMS Collaboration: [v1] Tue, 10 Feb 2026 20:26:05 UTC (629 KB); [v2] Tue, 21 Jul 2026 16:53:51 UTC (666 KB).

Joint Transceiver Beamforming and IRS Phase Shift Design for mmWave MIMO with Modulo ADCs

2026-08-10T08:14:18Z

Title: Joint Transceiver Beamforming and IRS Phase Shift Design for mmWave MIMO with Modulo ADCs Authors: Xin, Yanan; Yan, Wenyi; Gan, Lu; Liu, Qilie; Cosmas, John Abstract: Millimeter-wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has accelerated the efficiency of modern wireless systems, yet its performance is constrained by the propagation blocking effect and the receiver analog-to-digital converters (ADC) saturation. Motivated by these, this paper first attempted to study an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided downlink mmWave MIMO system equipped with a modulo ADC front end at the receiver and explicitly models receiver-side quantization error. We propose spectral efficiency (SE) maximization under total-power and constant-modulus constraints and develop a real-valued genetic algorithm-based scheme that, in each generation, (i) explores the IRS reflection matrix and (ii) updates the transceiver beamformers by performing singular value decomposition on the cascaded channel, updated with the IRS reflection matrix. Experimental results demonstrate that the modulo ADC achieves higher SE and lower bit error rates with fewer bit resolution, effectively mitigating saturation-induced clipping and outperforming conventional ADCs.