BURA Collection:

Assessment of Monel 400 corrosion in hydrofluoric–hydrochloric acid condensation environments for condensing heat exchangers

2026-03-21T00:00:00Z

Title: Assessment of Monel 400 corrosion in hydrofluoric–hydrochloric acid condensation environments for condensing heat exchangers Authors: Stathopoulos, V; Pandis, PK; Zarkadoulas, A; Nanou, P; Fragkoulis, D; Poškas, R; Sirvydas, A; Poškas, P; Jankaukas, J; Jouhara, H Abstract: This study assesses Monel 400′s corrosion behavior in liquid and vapor phases in hydrofluoric (HF), hydrochloric (HCl), and mixed HF-HCl acid environments. Through mass loss testing and electrochemical measurements, the alloy’s degradation was evaluated under varying acid concentrations, temperatures, gas atmospheres (N₂, O₂), and metal ion contaminants (Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺). Electrochemical measurements (ASTM G59/G102) and mass loss (ASTM G31/G1) were used for corrosion testing. The findings demonstrate that corrosion rates are considerably increased by vapor-phase exposure, especially in combined HF-HCl vapors (up to 0.8 mm·y⁻¹), because of combined fluoride and chloride chemical attack. Improved anodic dissolution and decreased passivation are confirmed by electrochemical data, particularly when oxidizing conditions (O₂) and Cu²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions are present. Significant surface deterioration, dealloying, and the development of corrosion products rich in fluoride and chloride were discovered by SEM/EDS investigations. The addition of CuCl₂ and FeCl₃ changed the surface chemistry and increased localized corrosion. Similar degradation trends were shown by industrial validation in a condensing heat exchange unit employing Monel 400, where concentrated acidic condensates promoted rapid material loss and corrosion deposits consisting of chlorides. The findings emphasize the limitations of Monel 400 in HF-HCl systems, notably under vapor-phase and oxidizing conditions, and propose mitigation measures such as alternate Ni-Cr-Mo alloys, protective coatings, and oxygen exclusion to improve durability in harsh fluorinated environments. Description: Data availability: Data will be made available on request.

An FPGA-Calibrated Modulo ADC for High-Dynamic-Range Signal Acquisition

2026-05-18T00:00:00Z

Title: An FPGA-Calibrated Modulo ADC for High-Dynamic-Range Signal Acquisition Authors: Zeyuan, L; Yan, W; Gan, L; Li, G; Hongqing, L Abstract: Conventional analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) suffer from irreversible clipping when input amplitudes exceed their fixed full-scale range. Modulo ADCs address this by folding the input signal prior to quantization; however, stable hardware operation under deep-folding conditions and experimental validation of algorithmic recoverability remain outstanding challenges. This paper presents a calibrated FPGA-based modulo ADC platform in which a finite state machine with multi-bit update control governs folding dynamics, replacing instantaneous comparator-triggered feedback to ensure deterministic and stable operation. A controlled under-compensation calibration strategy converts fold-dependent threshold mismatch and oscillatory instability into a bounded constant residual, enabling reliable folding at high folding depths. The platform achieves a dynamic range expansion exceeding two orders of magnitude while maintaining signal fidelity comparable to that of the standalone ADC. Experimental validation across diverse waveforms confirms robust signal acquisition and demonstrates the practical feasibility of dynamic-range extension using modulo sampling principles.

Observation of Suppressed Charged-Particle Production in Ultrarelativistic Oxygen-Oxygen Collisions

2026-04-22T00:00:00Z

Title: Observation of Suppressed Charged-Particle Production in Ultrarelativistic Oxygen-Oxygen Collisions Authors: Hayrapetyan, A; Makarenko, V; Tumasyan, A; Adam, W; Benato, L; Bergauer, T; Dragicevic, M; Giordano, C; Hussain, PS; Jeitler, M; Krammer, N; James, T; Wardle, N; Margoni, M; Kang, DY; Maity, M; Keshri, S; Chen, Y; Maghrbi, Y; Flügge, G; Cui, Z; Bacchetta, N; Martin Viscasillas, E; Paspalaki, G; Wolf, R; Lee, J; Joyce, M; Pastrone, N; Pacher, L; Wang, J; Luo, S; Szanyi, I; Lee, L; Paranjpe, MM; Li, C; Kansal, R; Voutilainen, M; Borgonovi, L; Avati, V; Vilela Pereira, A; Mueller, R; Li, H; Rohlf, J; Seidel, M; Zhao, J; Sievert, T; Smith, VJ; Gouskos, L; Lista, L; Simonis, HJ; Celotto, G; Ranjan, K; Evard, H; Bozzo, M; Borca, C; Lelas, D; Folgueras, S; Selivanova, D; Barman, S; Mehta, A; Fidalgo, G; Wenzl, DA; Dilsiz, K; De Moor, A; Flix, J; León Holgado, J; Janot, P; Rossin, R; Piotrzkowski, K; Yang, S; Sarkar, S; Hirschauer, J; Koraka, CK; Deng, S; Vlasov, E; Winer, BL; Malgeri, L; Kim, B; Cummings, G; Hadley, M; Jackson, WJ; Devetak, D; Ehle, IT; Triossi, A; Hwang, K; Jakovcic, K; Karjavine, V; Lawhorn, JM; Lawrence, J; Savoiu, D; Pal, K; Yoo, J; Guzzi, L; Lee, Y; Yates, BR; Perovic, V; Glessgen, F; Dube, S; Ceccarelli, R; Kobert, A; Bouchamaoui, H; Hsia, HW; Chauhan, S; Awais, A; Milosevic, J; Dezoort, G; Bean, A; Pellecchia, A; Mastrapasqua, P; Zhang, M; Dogra, S; Shelake, M; Bedoya, CF; Lobanov, A; Cepeda, M; Vizan Garcia, JM; Snyder, C; Das, I; Braghieri, A; Vanden Bemden, M; Incandela, J; Blancon, B; Makarenko, I; Clerbaux, B; Elmer, P; Liu, C; Arora, A; Riccardi, C; Choi, J; Sekmen, S; Tizchang, S; Wang, Z; Munoz Diaz, C; Marzocchi, B; Kim, MR; Han, S; Duquette, A; Malara, A; Chen, ZG; Parashar, N; Qu, H; Csorgo, T; Maggi, M; Jayatilaka, B; Chitroda, BK; Danev, P; Feld, L; Strologas, J; Hong, Y; Wang, D; Zhang, Y; Hollar, J; Mestvirishvili, A; Barberis, E; Parygin, P; Wang, C; Camporesi, T; Siroli, GP; Saini, MK; Sen, S; Thielen, A; Ahmad, M; Murzin, V; Rabady, D; Ptochos, F; Zhou, C; Starodumov, A; Kaur, A; Frankenthal, A; Sarkisla, MA; Black, K; Di Marco, E; Zhao, Z; Perego, A; Cipriani, M; Alves, GA; Aravind, A; Ronchi, S; Valsecchi, D; Migliore, E; Murillo Quijada, JA; Jaffel, K; Wickramarathna, DDC; Shmatov, S; Ebeling, L; Chen, HS; Del Re, D; Varelas, N; Ko, S; Bessidskaia Bylund, O; Primosch, D; Rovere, M; Vila, I; Perrotta, A; Macchiolo, A; Behnke, O; Karmakar, S; Obraztsov, S; Mills, C; Sikler, F; Chandra, S; Snigirev, A; Guerrero, D; Ferrara, N; Bortignon, P; Mascellani, A; Apresyan, A; Bollweg, S; Sharma, V; Stephans, GSF; Kamon, T; Skovpen, Y; Singh, RK; Ford, WT; Galli, M; Nelson, T; Matorras, F; Ochando, C; Johns, W; Rogan, C; Peltola, T; Singh, N; Skipworth, B; Lee, D; Santpur, SN; Papageorgakis, C; Chang, P; Salerno, R; Bundock, A; Gadallah, MMA; Diemoz, M; Cavallari, F; Kumar, A; Benussi, L; Chung, H; Williams, A; Felcini, M; Lee, KS; Fiore, L; Cox, B; Myllymäki, M; Hussein, A; Lammel, S; Saha, NR; Cooperstein, S; Merlin, JA; Auffray, E; Khan, WA; Lu, N; Sauvan, JB; Greenberg, B; Ujvari, B; Royon, C; Piccolo, D; Shopova, M; Diaz, D; Avila, C; Cuevas Picos, LE; Druzhkin, D; Krohn, M; Dauncey, P; Cussans, D; Rotter, J; Cattafesta, F; Simsek, C; Field, RD; Wittich, P; Bubanja, I; Leontsinis, S; Kasieczka, G; Bethani, A; Hadley, NJ; Mastrapasqua, V; Zolkapli, Z; Lohezic, V; Shekar, D; Hart, A; Kaluzinska, O; Yoo, HD; Sirois, Y; Kokkas, P; Bahinipati, S; Barbagli, G; Lanev, A; Javaid, T; Malvaso, J; Yu, D; Thakur, S; Iorio, AOM; Bärtschi, P; Sowa, L; Loveless, R; Jang, W; Adzic, P; Argiro, S; Uribe Estrada, C; Schmitz, R; Sokmen, G; Kang, L; Marcellini, S; Radchenko, O; Schmidt, A; Dhingra, N; Ryou, Y; De Lentdecker, G; Holmes, T; Coelho, E; Kiani, B; Mokhtar, F; Urda Gómez, L; Feng, Y; Consuegra Rodríguez, S; Muraleedharan Nair Bindhu, VK; Das Gupta, S; Shang, V; Branson, JG; Zabi, A; Depasse, P; Borella, L; Thachayath, A; Zghiche, A; Lemaitre, V; Chenarani, S; Wadud, MA; Oh, BH; Behera, SC; Meneguzzo, AT; Cetorelli, F; Camaiani, B; Winter, C; Moortgat, F; Josa, MI; De Bruyn, I; Summers, S; Zabolotny, W; Kunnilan Muhammed Rafeek, R; Costa, S; Ristic, B; Rohe, T; Azzi, P; Latino, G; Tsatsos, A; Pauls, A; Spanier, S; Thoreson, CS; Kaya, M; De Iorio, A; Giassi, A; Kolberg, T; Massironi, A; Chudasama, R; Wulz, C-E; Dziwok, C; Teague, D; Pompili, A; Wulff, JW; Nguyen, D; Sert, H; Verma, P; Olaiya, E; Bak, G; Novak, A; Bilei, GM; Fan, X; Harte, TG; Qin, X; Maietto Silverio, I; Wiederspan, B; Seo, J; Gleyzer, SV; Vischia, P; Park, J; Menezes De Oliveira, T; My, S; Barbieri, M; Wang, J; Mukherjee, S; Alcalde Martinez, M; Agram, J-L; Mercadante, PG; Kashko, P; Ruales Barbosa, AA; Abreu, A; Pfeiffer, A; Davies, G; Sculac, A; Lanteri, L; Sexton-Kennedy, E; Hindrichs, O; Isik, C; Murray, M; McMaster, B; Schleper, P; Cardini, A; Kaynak, B; Abbott, S; Hsu, TH; Bagaturia, I; Merschmeyer, M; Dobur, D; Ardino, R; Gonzalez Hernandez, M; Monsch, AA; Lee, H; Bein, S; Generoso, L; Ghosh, S; Cutts, D; Stuart, D; Azzurri, P; Zanetti, M; Das, A; Andrea, J; Berry, D; Fernandez, M; Kleinwort, C; Wiens, L; Bloch, D; Gu, A; Oh, YD; Erdmann, W; Bower, S; Brom, J-M; Martins, J; Fischer, Y; Raicevic, N; Nickel, M; Bennett, C; Mao, J; Safonov, A; Pesaresi, M; Sidiropoulos Kontos, D; Zimermmane Castro Santos, A; Suryadevara, P; Encinas Acosta, HA; Singla, A; Rekovic, V; Tomei, TRFP; Lambrecht, L; Ho, KW; Loizides, C; Schuh, T; Liu, T; Sphicas, P; Mausolf, F; Hinzmann, A; Alyari, M; Matveev, V; Scodellaro, L; Doroba, K; Strait, J; Errico, F; Iemmi, F; Nessi-Tedaldi, F; Carvalho, W; Eich, N; Mazumdar, K; Grunewald, M; Kim, H; Jain, S; Usai, E; Kwan, S; Belforte, S; Lai, MWK; Marquez, J; Smirnov, V; Eno, SC; Martikainen, L; Hahn, KA; Chabert, EC; Al Kadhim, A; Navarro Tobar, Á; Cabrillo, IJ; Schwandt, J; Paraskevas, I; Collard, C; Carnahan, T; Goldouzian, R; Pugliese, G; Bilin, B; Kaya, O; Dominguez, A; Missiroli, M; Mersi, S; Coulon, G; Hakala, J; Cardwell, B; Papadopoulos, I; Rizzi, A; Falke, S; Lee, JH; Saxena, R; Chertok, M; Nibigira, E; Grassi, J; Nikitenko, A; Haubrich, N; Verma, S; Gutay, L; Viscone, P; Chatzistavrou, T; Grosso, G; Ambrozas, M; Rastorguev, D; Boos, E; Dudko, L; Li, W; Ventura, S; Petrilli, A; Reed, I; Xiao, J; Golf, F; An, S; Harris, J; Erdmann, J; Sahasransu, AR; Brandao Malbouisson, H; Petrushanko, S; Kim, J; Nielsen, C; Ogul, H; Downham, K; Manzoni, RA; Guthoff, M; Nikolopoulos, K; Rawal, N; Dimitrov, A; Moallemi, M; Palencia Cortezon, E; Bencze, G; Niendorf, G; Ivanov, A; Lazarovits, M; De La Cruz, B; Harper, S; Roh, Y; Atakisi, IO; Akgun, B; Mukherjee, S; Malawski, M; Alimena, J; Naimuddin, M; Hazarika, P; Eble, F; Uttley, GP; Vellidis, K; Coll Saravia, LX; Kennedy, K; Skinnari, L; Della Negra, M; Lee, C; Zarucki, M; Colino, N; Meiring, P; Monteno, M; Maier, S; Hou, Q; Gwak, P; Gharbia, Y; Carlin, R; Bonilla, J; Goerlach, U; Castilla-Valdez, H; Giffels, M; Cholak, S; Kwok, KHM; Samalan, A; Lee, K; Gallinaro, M; Martin Perez, C; Choudhary, BC; Tekten, S; Haeberle, R; Cittolin, S; Perez Prada, M; Taliercio, A; Garcia, F; Zhou, Y; Nenna, F; Shepherd-Themistocleous, CH; Grohsjean, A; Dell’Orso, R; Carrivale, C; Duarte Campderros, J; Holmberg, M-L; Sakulin, H; Williams, T; Le Bihan, A-C; Kim, H; Martinez Rivero, C; Lowette, S; Dansana, S; Grippo, M; Chen, M; Lee, S; Meena, M; Lopez-Fernandez, R; Vander Velde, C; Bhattacharya, S; Del Riego Badas, J; Salvini, P; Rothman, S; Venkatasubramanian, N; Sharma, V; Smith, E; Litov, L; Huwiler, M; Swartz, M; Poncet, O; Das, P; Donegà, M; Belyaev, A; Sunar Cerci, D; Dharmaratna, WGD; Osterberg, K; Salvatico, R; Dharmender, D; de Barbaro, P; Presilla, M; Guo, Q; Zhang, H; Bellora, A; Botta, C; Ally, D; Longo, E; Hartmann, F; Gomber, B; Erdmann, M; Wilson, J; Pétré, L; Lee, MY; Samudio, J; Yi, K; Apollinari, G; Lomte, S; Bach, J; Schröder, M; Bhyun, JH; Jaiswal, A; Tomaru, AM; Butler, PH; Burkett, K; Laroze, D; Stickland, D; Steen, A; Zhang, J; Kyriakis, A; Raspereza, A; Harilal, A; Zorbakir, IS; Dutta, S; Matthiesen, J; Tosi, M; Nayak, S; Hoang, D; Mallampalli, A; Fischer, B; Loeliger, A; Tadel, M; Shen, X; Gennai, S; Gomes De Souza, R; Radogna, R; Chavez, E; El Mamouni, H; Ward, R; Benitez, JF; Novaes, SF; Bevilacqua, T; Cremonesi, M; Ojalvo, I; Tani, L; Moureaux, L; Babbar, J; Kovac, M; Saha, G; Ventura Barroso, A; Kang, Y; Rudrabhatla, S; Ozek, B; Amoroso, S; Zorbilmez, C; Yanes, E; Tlisova, I; Lamichhane, K; Ramos, D; Gutsche, O; Santanastasio, F; Chen, KF; Mendizabal Morentin, M; Liyanage, K; Hu, Z; Bendavid, J; Meyer, AB; Bakhshiansohi, H; Wezenbeek, L; Kanuganti, AR; Duarte, J; Song, JN; Uchida, K; Ranieri, A; Vaucelle, P; Lee, K; Mejia Guisao, J; Petrucciani, G; Kadlecsik, Á; Hassani, A; Asenov, P; Inkaew, P; Smith, N; Eliseev, D; Bilandzija, F; Dutta, I; Van Laer, T; Kim, J; Voigtländer, T; Shalaev, V; Brown, CE; Knight, CR; Buonsante, M; Miguel Colin, O; Whalen, KC; Silvestris, L; Tonelli Manganote, EJ; Lyon, A-M; Keicher, P; Molnar, J; Tabarelli de Fatis, T; Pedraza, I; Bhattacharya, R; Riggirello, M; Shchedrolosiev, M; Kim, TJ; Srimanobhas, N; Russell, L; Kondratyev, D; Simone, FM; Crotte Ledesma, H; Lange, J; Paoletti, S; Clement, E; Muhammad, A; Melachroinos, G; Kayis Topaksu, A; Lai, Y; Sözbilir, Ü; Di Mattia, A; Lukashenko, V; Hernandez, JM; Wang, Q; Stamerra, A; Zevi Della Porta, G; Blanco Fernández, S; Cappati, A; Shevelev, A; Mohammadi, A; Linacre, J; Ceard, L; Nigamova, A; Reimers, A; Almond, J; Jiang, CH; Campagnari, C; Dittmann, J; Ciocci, MA; Karacheban, O; Ferguson, T; Jun, W; Lee, J; Monti, F; Berryhill, J; Zipper, N; Jofrehei, A; Velkovska, J; Silva, P; Alverson, G; Chen, YM; Meola, S; Wissing, C; Faure, JL; Askew, A; Norberg, S; Dadazhanova, O; Bierkens, J; Lustermann, W; Demina, R; Mans, J; Palni, P; Brooke, JJ; Kwon, H; Rossi, B; Saoulidou, N; Caillol, C; Amendola, C; Milieva, A; Hohlmann, M; Markovic, L; Srivastav, MV; Vijay, A; Aushev, T; Soha, A; Bauer, G; Komurcu, Y; Gilmore, J; Zou, R; Kirsanov, M; Suarez, I; Ortona, G; Alsufyani, B; Saradhy, R; Kello, T; Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, M; Demiragli, Z; Forti, R; Cerci, S; Bianco, M; Navarrete Ramos, E; Florez, C; Li, J; Tarabini, A; Troiano, D; Houghton, C; Kwon, T; Menasce, D; Venditti, R; Fay, J; Da Silveira, GG; Richman, J; Sanders, S; Sharma, A; Savva, K; Klyukhin, V; Neu, C; Eckerlin, G; Cherepanov, V; Fayer, S; Gregores, EM; Park, MI; Luongo, F; Campbell, S; Yohay, R; Wang, J; Pena, C; Lawless, J; Focardi, E; Malvezzi, S; Yusuff, I; Korcari, W; Sagir, S; Reid, ID; Kim, MS; Dutta, V; Soto Rodríguez, A; Perera, N; Grynyov, B; Gonzalez Caballero, I; Dervan, J; Padley, BP; Cankocak, K; Jones, M; Lu, R-S; Beaudette, F; Verwilligen, P; Melo, A; O’Cain, J; Heintz, U; Della Penna, L; Akrap, P; Zaza, A; Klein, K; Bhat, PC; Morris, M; Terrill, W; Sonawane, M; Abbiendi, G; Milella, G; Melzer-Pellmann, I-A; Lombardi, F; Battilana, C; Lopes Da Costa, B; Vannerom, D; Garcia-Bellido, A; Kramer, T; Di Florio, A; Palmer, C; Gascon, S; Cunqueiro Mendez, L; Dubinin, M; Alcaraz Maestre, J; Sommerhalder, M; Awan, MIM; Bonomelli, G; Hogan, JM; Orimoto, T; Mccarthy, R; Pathak, A; Stahl, A; Arteaga Escatel, S; Labe, F; Wang, L; Pinna, D; Alison, J; Malberti, M; Vitulo, P; Chen, Y; Pásztor, G; Ellis, S; Arneodo, M; Parmar, N; Malakhov, A; Shin, J; Salvi, G; Bloom, K; Bauerdick, LAT; Damas, F; Brivio, F; Fouz, MC; Martinez Ruiz del Arbol, P; Mitselmakher, G; Delgado Peris, A; Yoo, J; Simkina, P; Kravchenko, I; Karunarathna, N; Matchev, K; Geurts, FJM; Calligaris, L; Bansal, S; Yuan, L; Bloch, P; Hamel de Monchenault, G; Bonacorsi, D; Maier, B; Han, Y; Schöfbeck, R; Sutantawibul, C; Fernandez Madrazo, C; Mecca, A; Lee, H; Capiluppi, P; Spah, JL; Chiusi, M; Cerminara, G; Perez Lara, CE; Zotto, P; Canelli, MF; Goff, R; Walter, D; Jindariani, S; Vourliotis, E; Cavallo, FR; Horzela, M; Faltermann, N; Yu, I; Raturi, R; Heath, HF; Cuffiani, M; Hong, B; Thomas, L; Goy Lopez, S; Hildreth, M; Wichmann, K; Guo, Y; Veres, GI; Gouzevitch, M; Andreev, Y; Milenovic, P; Lipinski, M; Lipton, R; Gecse, Z; Kim, D; Mao, Y; Hebbeker, T; Marini, AC; Kumar, A; Sheokand, T; Kim, Y; Nowack, A; Li, YY; Gonzalez Lopez, O; Mandal, A; Szleper, M; Damenti, L; Iashvili, I; Gadkari, D; Sharko, K; De Guio, F; Hensel, C; Alcerro Alcerro, LF; Seez, C; Czellar, S; Brennan, L; Dattamunsi, A; Vaselli, F; Turkcapar, S; Arbour, C; Amram, O; Vai, I; Aarrestad, TK; Costa, M; Bunichev, V; Stenson, K; Roguljic, M; Yi, R; Castaneda Hernandez, A; Oropeza Barrera, C; Damgov, J; Sultanov, G; Thiel, M; Park, K; Cassese, A; Bell, KW; Davis, J; De Favereau De Jeneret, J; Adams, T; Wang, J; Konecki, M; Calzaferri, S; Mallios, S; Giorgetti, S; Bluj, M; Hoepfner, K; de Trocóniz, JF; Karneyeu, A; D’Alfonso, M; Yoon, I; Montagna, P; Greenberg, C; Devouge, P; Smith, C; Kumar, N; Mondal, S; Orlandi, F; Marchegiani, M; Flacher, H; Salur, S; Khan, A; Yang, YC; Paus, C; Aruta, C; Barbosa Trujillo, DA; Motta, J; Khukhunaishvili, A; Marlow, D; Lehtela, B; Dallavalle, GM; Zeuner, WD; Casarsa, M; Rohilla, A; Rykaczewski, H; Zuolo, D; Gomez-Ceballos, G; Pozniak, K; Hegde, V; 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De Los Santos, R; Huber, B; Kanemura, M; Stamenkovic, M; Nguyen, M; Gargiulo, R; Flanagan, P; Niedziela, J; Solano, A; Seixas, J; Rolandi, G; D’Alessandro, R; Harikrishnan, B; Durkin, LS; Das, S; Prosper, H; Sznajder, A; Major, P; Toms, M; Hill, C; Gokbulut, G; Nanda, S; Carrera Jarrin, E; Geiser, A; Barney, D; McBride, P; Thomas-Wilsker, J; Maravin, Y; Letts, J; Petyt, D; Rodriguez, M; Hussain, MM; Tenchini, R; Donato, S; Rappoccio, S; Chinellato, J; Palla, F; Cerri, O; Banerjee, S; Eysermans, J; Cali, IA; Bruno, G; Sanchez, A; Frahm, M; Finger, M; Piperov, S; Paz Herrera, R; Qian, S; Wildridge, A; Moran, D; Marchese, L; Joshi, U; Wulansatiti, M; Volobouev, I; Park, IC; Kumar, S; Seidita, R; Baden, A; Lizzo, M; Roland, C; Savin, A; Stone, R; Tropea, P; Mariani, V; Jin, W; Becerril Gonzalez, H; Slizhevskiy, K Abstract: A hot and dense state of nuclear matter, known as the quark-gluon plasma, is created in collisions of ultrarelativistic heavy nuclei. Highly energetic quarks and gluons, collectively referred to as partons, lose energy as they travel through this matter, leading to suppressed production of particles with large transverse momenta (𝑝_T) . Conversely, high-𝑝_T particle suppression has not been seen in proton-lead collisions, raising questions regarding the minimum system size required to observe parton energy loss. Oxygen-oxygen (OO) collisions examine a region of effective system size that lies between these two extreme cases. The CMS detector at the CERN LHC has been used to quantify charged-particle production in inclusive OO collisions for the first time via measurements of the nuclear modification factor (𝑅_AA). The 𝑅_AA is derived by comparing particle production to expectations based on proton-proton (𝑝⁢𝑝) data and has a value of unity in the absence of nuclear effects. The data for OO and 𝑝⁢𝑝 collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy √𝑠_NN = 5.36 TeV correspond to integrated luminosities of 6.1 nb⁻¹ and 1.02 pb⁻¹, respectively. The 𝑅_AA is below unity with a minimum of 0.69 ± 0.04 around 𝑝_T = 6 GeV. The data exhibit better agreement with theoretical models incorporating parton energy loss as compared to baseline models without energy loss. Description: A version of the article is available at arXiv:2510.09864v2 [nucl-ex] (https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09864). Comments: Replaced with published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at https://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIN-25-008 (CMS Public Pages). Report number: CMS-HIN-25-008, CERN-EP-2025-226. Journal reference: Phys. Rev. Lett. 136 (2026) 162301. Submission history: From: The CMS Collaboration: [v1] Fri, 10 Oct 2025 20:56:04 UTC (420 KB); [v2] Thu, 23 Apr 2026 15:22:09 UTC (457 KB).; Supplemental Material is available online at: https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/89sf-9t1x#supplemental .; Data availability— Release and preservation of data used by CMS Collaboration as the basis for publications is guided by the CMS data preservation, reuse, and open access policy [94]. CMS data availability statement, 10.7483/OPENDATA.CMS.1BNU.8V1W .

Assessing Public Perceptions and Technical Potential of Waste-to-Energy in Kuwait’s Residential Sector

2026-04-06T00:00:00Z

Title: Assessing Public Perceptions and Technical Potential of Waste-to-Energy in Kuwait’s Residential Sector Authors: Hunaiti, Z; Alotaibi, S; Huneiti, ZA; Balachandran, W Abstract: Kuwait faces mounting challenges in municipal solid waste (MSW) management alongside continued dependence on fossil-fuel-based electricity generation. Per capita waste generation in Kuwait is approximately 1.7 kg/person/day, exceeding the global average of 0.74 kg/person/day, indicating substantial potential for resource recovery and energy conversion. This study evaluates public perceptions of waste-to-energy (WtE) in Kuwait’s residential sector and estimates the potential electricity that could be generated from household waste. A structured online household survey (n = 470) was administered to assess socio-demographic characteristics and key perception constructs, including awareness, perceived risks, perceived benefits, and overall attitudes toward WtE. In parallel, a quantitative estimation was undertaken using literature-based parameters for monthly per capita waste generation and electricity consumption to derive household-level waste quantities, corresponding energy potential, and generated-to-consumed energy ratios. Survey findings indicate generally favourable attitudes toward WtE and recognition of its potential to reduce landfill dependence and contribute to electricity supply, although respondents showed stronger support for locating WtE facilities away from residential neighbourhoods. Perceived risks—particularly related to health and environmental impacts—remained salient, while perceived benefits associated with waste reduction and local economic value were also acknowledged. The technical assessment indicates that higher waste generation increases theoretical energy recovery potential; however, high residential electricity demand reduces the relative contribution of WtE, with a generated-to-consumed energy ratio of approximately 2, compared with a global benchmark ratio of 4.1. This study highlights the need for targeted public engagement, improved source segregation, and more detailed Kuwait-specific technical and economic evaluations to support evidence-based WtE policy and investment decisions. Description: Data Availability Statement: The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.