Inter-population variability in the reproductive morphology of the shore crab (Carcinus maenas): Evidence of endocrine disruption in a marine crustacean?

Abstract

Environmental contaminants that are capable of causing endocrine disrupting effects are currently a major cause for concern. These chemicals are known to influence the reproductive development of vertebrates by mimicking or antagonising the actions of endogenous hormones. However, little is known regarding their potential effects on invertebrates. Here we examine variations in the reproductive morphology of the shore crab (Carcinus maenas) for evidence of endocrine disruption. Crabs were collected from a number of sites comprising a putative gradient of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals. Patterns of inter-population variability in the expression of sexually dimorphic traits were then examined for evidence of hormone disruption. Extensive variability was detected and patterns of chelal morphology were consistent with the gradient of endocrine disruption. However, overall, the patterns of morphological variability were not consistent with hormonally-mediated effects. This suggests that shore crabs are not susceptible to the same type of endocrine disrupting effects that have been detected in vertebrates, which are most commonly mediated via the oestrogen receptor. However, the potential for androgenic effects on crustacean morphology are discussed.