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http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/8859
Title: | Speciation and fate of copper in sewage treatment works with and without tertiary treatment: The effect of return flows |
Authors: | Inna, D Lester, JN Scrimshaw, MD Cartmell, E |
Keywords: | Metals;Nitrifying filters;Biological aerated flooded filters;Sludge liquors;Environmental quality standards |
Issue Date: | 2014 |
Publisher: | Taylor & Francis |
Citation: | Environmental Technology, 35(1): pp.1 - 9, (2014) |
Abstract: | The removal of metals from wastewaters is becoming an important issue, with new environmental quality standards putting increased regulatory pressure on operators of sewage treatment works. The use of additional processes (tertiary treatment) following two-stage biological treatment is frequently seen as a way of improving effluent quality for nutrients and suspended solids, and this study investigates the impact of how back washes from these tertiary processes may impact the removal of copper during primary sedimentation. Seven sites were studied, three conventional two-stage biological treatment, and four with tertiary processes. It was apparent that fluxes of copper in traditional return flows made a significant contribution to the load to the primary treatment tanks, and that<1% of this was in the dissolved phase. Where tertiary processes were used, back wash liquors were also returned to the primary tanks. These return flows had an impact on copper removal in the primary tanks, probably due to their aerobic nature. Returning such aerobic back wash flows to the main process stream after primary treatment may therefore be worth consideration. The opportunity to treat consolidated liquor and sludge flows in side-stream processes to remove toxic elements, as they are relatively concentrated, low volume flow streams, should also be evaluated. |
Description: | This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final published article is available from the link below. Copyright @ 2013 Taylor & Francis. |
URI: | http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09593330.2013.800565 http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/8859 |
DOI: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2013.800565 |
ISSN: | 0959-3330 |
Appears in Collections: | Environment Institute for the Environment |
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