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http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/27550| Title: | Liquid resistivity of pharmaceutical propellants using novel resistivity cell |
| Authors: | Ahmad, H Rasekh, M Manivannan, N Balachandran, W |
| Keywords: | biotechnology;engineering |
| Issue Date: | 5-Nov-2023 |
| Publisher: | Springer Nature |
| Citation: | Ahmad, H. et al. (2023) 'Liquid resistivity of pharmaceutical propellants using novel resistivity cell', Scientific Reports, 13, 19122, pp. 1 - 13. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-45253-6. |
| Abstract: | Copyright © The Author(s) 2023. Metered-dose inhalers employ propellants to produce pharmaceutical aerosols for treating respiratory conditions like asthma. In the liquid phase, the DC volume resistivity of pharmaceutical propellants, including R134a, R152a, and R227ea, was studied at saturation pressures and room temperature (not vapour phase). These measurements are essential for industries like refrigerants. Aerosols from metered dose inhalers (MDIs) with these propellants become electrically charged, affecting medicament deposition in lung. The resistivity was measured using a novel concentric cylinder-type capacitance cell designed in-house. The resistivity for the propellants (R134a, R152a, and R227ea) was found to be 3.02 × 1010 Ωm, 2.37 × 109 Ωm and 1.31 × 1010 Ωm, respectively. The electrical resistivity data obtained was found to be at least two orders of magnitude higher than the limited data available in the literature. Challenges in the resistivity cell’s development and performance are discussed, with a focus on various propellants and their mixtures with ethanol and moisture concentrations. The resistivity of propellant mixtures containing moisture concentrations ranging from 5 to 500 ppm and ethanol concentrations ranging between 1000 and 125,000 ppm was determined. The resistivity was tested across 10-min and 1-h periods and was performed in accordance with the contemporary IEC 60247 standard. |
| Description: | Data availability: The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding authors on reasonable request. |
| URI: | https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/27550 |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45253-6 |
| Other Identifiers: | ORCID iD: Manoochehr Rasekh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5465-0215 ORCID iD: Nadarajah Manivannan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8957-6895 ORCID iD: Wamadeva Balachandran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4806-2257 19122 |
| Appears in Collections: | Dept of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Research Papers |
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| FullText.pdf | Copyright © The Author(s) 2023. Rights and permissions: Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. | 1.8 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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