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Title: | Investigating delay of the media access control protocols for IoT-RoF using quantum entanglement |
Authors: | Ahmad, SS Al-Raweshidy, H Nilavalan, R |
Keywords: | MAC protocol;radio over fiber;delay;duty cycle;power consumption and quantum communication;quantum entanglement;5G mobile communication;ad hoc networks |
Issue Date: | 24-Feb-2024 |
Publisher: | WIley on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) |
Citation: | Ahmad, S.S., Al-Raweshidy, H. and Nilavalan, R. (2024) 'Investigating delay of the media access control protocols for IoT-RoF using quantum entanglement', IET Networks, 13 (4), pp. 324 - 337. doi: 10.1049/ntw2.12117.. |
Abstract: | One of the significant challenges of the Radio over fibre (RoF) Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is the propagation delay. This delay can lead to serious issues, such as higher propagation delay resulting in collisions and unnecessary retransmissions. Quantum entanglement is an excellent candidate to overcome the propagation delay of the RoF MAC protocol. A new quantum MAC protocol is proposed, named the Quantum Entanglement-based MAC protocol (QE-MAC), in which Quantum Teleportation is utilised to address the propagation delay. Four entanglement states are employed to represent the control packets of the classical MAC protocol, and data is transmitted over the classical channel. Instead of using control packets such as acknowledgement, request to send, and Clear to send, state transitions are employed. This approach avoids the delay and collision issues associated with control packets, resulting in a significant improvement in network performance. The delay, duty cycle (DC), and power consumption of the proposed QE-MAC protocol are formulated and derived. The protocol is evaluated in terms of delay, DC, and power consumption, demonstrating superior performance compared to the classical RoF MAC protocol. In comparison to published works, our proposed approach has successfully reduced both delay and power consumption by 35%. |
Description: | Data Availability Statement: All data necessary for verification and replication are provided within the manuscript. |
URI: | https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/28292 |
DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1049/ntw2.12117 |
ISSN: | 2047-4954 |
Other Identifiers: | ORCiD: Shakir Salman Ahmad https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5244-8307 ORCiD: Hamed Al-Raweshidy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3702-8192 ORCiD: Rajagopal Nilavalan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8168-2039 |
Appears in Collections: | Dept of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Research Papers |
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