Influence of Strain Rate Effect on Mechanical and Crashworthiness Properties of CFRP Composite Structures

Abstract

Composite materials are increasingly utilized in industries such as automotive and aerospace due to their lightweight nature and high strength-to-weight ratio. Understanding how strain rate affects the mechanical and crashworthiness properties of CFRP composites is essential for accurate impact simulations and improved safety performance. This study examines the strain rate sensitivity of CFRP composites through mechanical testing and finite element analysis (FEA). Experimental results confirm that compressive strength increases by 100%–200% under dynamic loading, while stiffness decreases by up to 22% at a strain rate of 50 s^−1, consistent with trends observed in previous studies. A sled test simulation using LS-Dyna demonstrated that the CFRP crash box sustained an average strain rate of 46.5 s^−1, aligning with realistic impact conditions. Incorporating strain rate–dependent material properties into the FEA model significantly improved correlation with experimental crashworthiness data, reducing discrepancies in peak acceleration, mean acceleration, and displacement by 6.5%, 5.9%, and 6.3%, respectively. These findings reinforce the necessity of accounting for strain rate effects in crash simulations and composite structure design, ensuring more accurate predictions of impact performance and structural integrity in safety-critical applications.