Spirituality and social work: theory and practice

Abstract

Spirituality, religion, and meaning are human needs that are inscribed within international social work professional standards and ethical codes. Definitions used in the social work literature cover a complex spectrum resulting in a common, though fluid, understanding. Theories such as existentialism, a person-centred approach, and humanism all provide support and background for the way spirituality and/or religion may be addressed as coping strategies. It is important to acknowledge the role religious and spiritual perspectives or actions have had in providing support or harm to service users. The fluctuating history of rejection, followed by increasing acceptance of spirituality in the profession is ongoing. The nature of spirituality in practice with service users is briefly addressed and ethical practice issues are discussed. Spirituality may form an important part of a service user plan to maintain wellbeing and achieve resilience. Spiritual competence, like cultural competence, is a goal for all social workers.