Objectives: To provide updated, national estimates of the burden and secondary-care costs of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalisations among adults aged ≥40 years in England, using data from 2023/24, the last season before the UK implemented its adult RSV vaccination pro...

The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed substantial financial and operational pressures on healthcare systems globally. While vaccines were known to reduce severe outcomes, their broader economic impacts, especially in publicly funded health systems, requires clearer quantification. This study evaluates the ...

We leveraged the biological evidence that a first pregnancy ending in miscarriage is considered a quasi-exogenous shock to fertility and linked electronic health records to estimate adjusted associations between miscarriage and self-harm and psychiatric outcomes. In a random cohort of 1.2 mi...

This study investigated the effects of conventional baking (CB), domestic microwave (DM), industrial solid-state microwave (IM), and hybrid baking approaches on the physicochemical properties, acrylamide formation, energy consumption, and environmental impact of bread. The results revealed that across an&#...

Over the past ten years, the biomedical literature has increased exponentially, and it is becoming increasingly cumbersome for the researchers and policymakers to identify emerging directions in research and allocate resources appropriately. Bibliometric indicators that are traditional and topic model...

The explosive growth of biomedical literature increasingly makes it difficult to identify incipient topics and long-term developments. Citation-based indicators are slow to capture developments and often fail to represent influence. Whilst Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) supports content-based trend disc...

While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer transformative potential across domains, often outperforming human benchmarks in various tasks, they remain vulnerable to exploitation by users aiming to override their safety protocols. Despite the progress achieved through red teaming methodologies in uncover...

Synthetic data generation using Bayesian networks (BN) offers a promising approach to overcoming data scarcity in clinical prediction tasks, yet its actual impact on model performance remains underexplored. This study investigates the use of Bayesian network-based generative models to produce syn...

In this paper, we examine the socio-cultural, technical, and organisational contexts surrounding Gender-Based Violence (GBV) prevention and response as a basis for designing interactive digital systems that facilitate multi-agency collaboration and strengthen GBV service delivery in resource-constrained environ...