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DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Konter, E | - |
dc.contributor.author | Kueh, YC | - |
dc.contributor.author | Kuan, G | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-07-30T10:17:40Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2020-07-01 | - |
dc.date.available | 2020-07-30T10:17:40Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2020-07-04 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Konter, E.; Kueh, Y.C.; Kuan, G. Courage in Competition: Adaptation of the Sports Courage Scale for American English and Validation of the Factor Structure with Student-Athletes at Clemson University. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4834. | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 1661-7827 | - |
dc.identifier.issn | 1660-4601 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/21314 | - |
dc.description.abstract | While courage is widely attributed to athletic pursuits, it has received little scientific attention from both researchers and applied practitioners. A reliable measurement is required to examine courage in sports and competitive activities. Therefore, this research aimed to adapt the original Turkish Sports Courage Scale-31 into American English (SCS-AE). The SCS-31 measure was translated from Turkish into the American English language by the Brislin forward and backward translation technique and language validity. Then, the translated SCS-AE was administered to 548 American university college students (Mean age = 19.02, SD = 1.21). All participants played a sport (e.g., football, soccer, basketball, gymnastics). Based on confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), 31 items of SCS-AE were reduced to 24 items with four factors (i.e., assertiveness, determination, mastery, and venturesome). The fit indices were satisfactory (RMSEA = 0.06, CFI = 0.97, SRMR = 0.06, NFI = 0.96 and NNFI = 0.97). The internal consistency measured by Cronbach alpha, ranging from 0.73 to 0.78, were considered acceptable. The convergent validity and discriminant validity of SCS-AE were also achieved. Our findings indicate strong support for research using the four-factor model of the SCS-AE and adequate support for the five-factor model with sufficient caution regarding the internal consistency of the self-sacrifice factor. While cultural differences in courage perception might exist between these countries, the findings showed more similarities than differences in courage. Results indicated that the SCS-AE is usable for research purposes in the suggested format. Future directions are discussed using the SCS-31 and SCS-AE for research | en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship | Research University’s Individual Grant, Universiti Sains Malaysia | en_US |
dc.format.extent | 1 - 10 | - |
dc.language | English | - |
dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
dc.publisher | MDPI | en_US |
dc.subject | Courage scale | en_US |
dc.subject | Measurement | en_US |
dc.subject | Adaptation | en_US |
dc.subject | Sports | en_US |
dc.subject | Competitive activities | en_US |
dc.title | Courage in competition: Adaptation of the sports courage scale for American English and validation of the factor structure with student-athletes at Clemson University | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.identifier.doi | http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134834 | - |
dc.relation.isPartOf | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | - |
pubs.issue | 13 | - |
pubs.publication-status | Published | - |
pubs.volume | 17 | - |
dc.identifier.eissn | 1660-4601 | - |
Appears in Collections: | Dept of Life Sciences Research Papers |
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FullText.pdf | 321.87 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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