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Title: | Klinefelters Syndrome: Change in T-Scores with Testosterone, Bisphosphonate, and Vitamin D Treatment over 6 Years |
Authors: | Strange, RC König, CS Puttanna, A Rao, A Hackett, G Haider, A Haider, KS Desnerck, P Saad, F Ramachandran, S |
Keywords: | Klinefelter’s syndrome;osteoporosis;testosterone therapy;bisphosphonates;vitamin D;T-scores |
Issue Date: | 29-Oct-2021 |
Publisher: | Mary Ann Liebert Inc. |
Citation: | Ramachandran S., et. al. (2021) 'Klinefelters syndrome: Change in T-scores with testosterone, bisphosphonate, and vitamin D treatment over 6 years', Androgens: Clinical Research and Therapeutics, 2 (1), pp. 111 - 120. doi: 10.1089/ andro.2021.0002. |
Abstract: | Background: Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) is characterized by extra X chromosomes and features of primary hypogonadism including osteopenia and osteoporosis. Testosterone therapy (TTh) is widely used to treat men with KS and low serum testosterone/hypogonadal symptoms, though studies on its efficacy in improving bone density show varied outcomes. Materials and Methods: We studied the effects of TTh, bisphosphonates, and vitamin D/calcium in 38 men with KS and low testosterone, hypogonadal symptoms, and T-scores consistent with osteoporosis. Our aim was to investigate at the end of follow-up (median: 87 months, range: 27-147 months), associations between age, baseline total testosterone, and T-scores, and change in T-scores after treatment. Results: At final assessment, all men had T-score values outside the osteoporotic range (-1.1 standard deviation [SD],-1.8 SD). Baseline age but not median baseline testosterone appeared associated with change in T-score and T-score at final assessment. All men had dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry every 6 months and demonstrated continued improvement in T-scores after 3 months and up to 72 months. Baseline age and T-scores (stratified by median) were associated with change in T-score at final assessment. Compared with men ≥51 years, those aged <51 years showed significantly greater improvement in T-scores between 6 and 30 months. Men with worse T-score values (<3.7 SD) showed significantly greater improvement at every time point up to 36 months. Our results indicate that TTh, bisphosphonates, and vitamin D/calcium improve osteoporosis although there is a need to better understand the effects of the individual therapies, age, and baseline T-score on treatment efficacy. |
URI: | https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/25476 |
DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1089/andro.2021.0002 |
Other Identifiers: | ORCiD IDs: Carola König https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9289-3154; Geoff Hackett https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2274-111X; Karim Sultan Haider https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4396-9324; Farid Saad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0449-6635; Sudarshan Ramachandran https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2299-4133. |
Appears in Collections: | Dept of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Research Papers |
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