Artificial intelligence and robotics in the hydrogen lifecycle: A systematic review

Abstract

Hydrogen lifecycle, encompassing production, storage, and transportation, is crucial in the global transition to clean energy. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics into hydrogen lifecycle offers promising solutions to enhance efficiency, safety, and scalability. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the current advancements published over the past two decades (2005–2025), analyzing AI and robotics applications across hydrogen production, storage, and transportation. We systematically examine the role of AI in optimizing hydrogen production processes, improving the safety and efficiency of storage systems, and enhancing transportation logistics through real-time monitoring and route optimization. Additionally, the paper explores the use of robotics to handle complex tasks in hazardous environments within the hydrogen lifecycle. We identify key challenges and gaps in the literature and propose future research directions to fully leverage AI and robotics across hydrogen technologies. This review serves as a foundation for researchers and practitioners seeking to advance the integration of AI and robotics in the hydrogen economy.