The use of chemical treatments for weed control is increasingly challenged by weed resistance, regulatory restrictions on chemicals and the risk of soil and water contamination that can pose health hazards. Chemical weed treatments are unsustainable, prompting exploration of alternative methods&#...

Context: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to screen literature for systematic reviews (SRs), but the standard confusion-matrix metrics used to evaluate them can mislead under the imbalanced, cost-asymmetric conditions of screening. Objective: We develop and justify LLM4S...

As populations age, companion robots are increasingly explored to support emotional well-being in later life. However, older adults often find it difficult to express abstract emotions or imagine interactions with unfamiliar technologies, limiting their participation in early-stage design. This study&...

Social housing providers use indoor environmental monitoring within asset management systems. The extent to which these data can differentiate operational risk domains across independent dwellings has not been fully evaluated in operational deployment. Current predictive modelling frequently relies&...

4D printing functions not merely as a smart manufacturing technique but as an interactive material technology: materials respond to human or environmental stimuli and generate a direct feedback loop. This study proposes a taxonomy that links Stimuli, Smart Materials, and Transformation Effec...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of tax avoidance in multinational corporations’ management decisions to voluntarily disclose country-by-country (CbC) information in annual reports and examine investors’ perceptions of these disclosures. Design/methodology&#...

We describe the real-time forecasting of September 2024 Arctic sea ice extent using a theory-guided machine learning method based on data-adaptive harmonic decomposition and frequency-based nonlinear stochastic modeling, as part of the Sea Ice Outlook. Compared to standard statistical and machine...

Food waste reduction and reutilisation is paramount to meeting national Waste Directives and achieving the Sustainable Development agenda. Implementing Circular Economy principles provides opportunities for cost savings, new revenue streams, and sustainable resource management. Applying the Food Loss and&#...