The traditional ant routing protocol provides an efficient way for dynamic routing in continuously changing networks. Due to their social behaviour, ants tend to find optimized paths based on network status information such as the path length and capacity. However, the conventional ant&...

The DRX (Discontinuous Reception) mechanism is the currently used technique for power saving in mobile devices. This approach is also utilized for LTE-Advanced and efforts are being made in order to enhance the performance of this mechanism. The currently used algorithm saves power ...

To improve data speed and reliability, hybrid wireless networks combine two different Radio Access Technologies (RATs), such as Visible Light Communications (VLC), millimetre wave (mmWave), Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE), etc. The Internet of Radio Light (IoRL) is a&#...

High data rates are one of the most prevalent requirements in current mobile communications. To cover this and other high standards regarding performance, increasing coverage, capacity, and reliability, numerous works have proposed the development of systems employing the combination of several&#...

This paper presents a potential beamsteered 5G/6G Compliant Optical Wireless Communication cell free network solution for facilitating longer propagation distances, wider coverage areas and more accurate and reliable indoor localization, which is realised using a combination of VCSELs Infra-red s...

Indoor localization has recently experienced a surge in interest, primarily because of its ability to offer a diverse range of services by utilising the Internet of Things (IoT) and widespread connectivity. This study presents a measurement campaign conducted to assess the precision and...

In the future system, self-localization emerges as a critical approach to address various challenges, enhance accuracy, and alleviate network-side burdens by shifting computational load to terminal devices. Leveraging diverse sensing and machine learning capabilities becomes instrumental in facilitating se...

This paper presents a Photonic near infrared IR Cell Free 5G Network, which provides universal broadband coverage for (1) Smart Transportation Vehicles and (2) Material Handling by Collaborating Mobile robots (3) Motion Control use cases with their required Key Performance and Key Value...

An experimental evaluation of a 5G New Radio (NR) Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) indoor localisation system was conducted on a private 5G Standalone network. A structured 50-point measurement grid, with 50 measurements per location, produced 2,500 position estimates for analysis of r...