A brief historic overview of sexual and gender diversity in neuroscience: past, present, and future

Abstract

Introduction: For decades, scholars across disciplines, including researchers, scientists, and clinicians, have exhibited a keen interest in exploring the neuroscientific underpinnings of sexual and gender diversity. The purpose of this paper is thus to provide an overview and opinion on the evolution of related research. To achieve this, the authors conducted a bibliographic search of the literature in MEDLINE and PsycInfo from inception to September 2023 with specific keywords, including “neuroscience,” and variations of “lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual, and people with other sexual orientations and forms of gender expression (LGBTQIA+).”