The relationship between social media, body image and exercise motivation in physically active men

Abstract

Little is known about the relationship between social media, body image and exercise motivation in adult men. Previous research has suggested that social media can have negative implications on some individual’s body image, but this has predominantly been investigated in female and undergraduate samples. Social media that claims to provide inspiration and motivation for exercise has also shown limited efficacy in prior studies. This thesis sought to investigate the relationship between social media, body image and exercise motivation in physically active men. This was investigated using a mixed methods approach that comprised of three studies. Study 1 used a cross sectional survey design to explore relationships between social media and body image, and social media and exercise motivation and behaviour using a sample of 224 men (M age = 32.76). Study 2 used a qualitative methodology comprising of interviews with 20 men (M age = 32.45) about their experiences of social media, body image and exercise. Study 3 used an experimental methodology to investigate the impact of different types of fitness social media imagery (body aesthetic and function focused) on 165 men’s (M age= 32.69) body image and exercise motivation. Together these studies found that social media was frequently associated with a higher drive for muscularity and increased awareness of appearance in men, with some experiencing body image concerns driven by social media. Social media was not deemed to be motivational by most men, but it was found to be a useful educational tool by many. Men showed evidence of critical thinking and media literacy to combat the negative influence of body image threats. This thesis used a novel methodology to explore a previously understudies population group. These findings have implications for future research, social media policy and interventions seeking to encourage physical activity and improve body image in adult men.