Parental Perspectives on Environmental Factors Affecting Participation of Children with Disabilities: A Scoping Review to Inform Inclusive Healthcare and Support Services

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Environmental factors influence the participation of children with disabilities in everyday life. Parents, as primary caregivers, provide insights into how these factors support or hinder participation in health-related, educational, personal and social activities. This scoping review aimed to systematically map the literature on parental perceptions of environmental influences on the participation of their children with disabilities. Methods: The review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and the five-stage framework by Arksey and O’Malley. Searches were conducted in five electronic databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, and OpenDissertations. Eligible studies were published in English, focused on children aged 0–18 with any type of disability, and reported on parental views of how environmental factors influence occupational participation. Data were charted and analyzed using narrative synthesis and vote-counting. Results: Thirty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Frequently discussed environmental domains included physical, social, and institutional factors, while cultural and economic domains received less attention. Participation was commonly addressed in the contexts of play, education, and social engagement. Most studies used qualitative designs and were conducted in high- and middle-income countries. Standardized tools to assess environmental impacts were rarely employed. Conclusions: This review highlights the need for inclusive, family-centered health and social services that address the full range of environmental influences on participation. Future research and policy should prioritize culturally and economically diverse settings, integrate standardized assessment tools, and recognize parental perspectives as essential for designing equitable pediatric healthcare and rehabilitation services.