Embryonic blood formation encompasses the independent generation of different cell types in distinct cellular and anatomical environments, reflecting highly coordinated specific hierarchies of interacting tissues. Despite widespread use of embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)...

Bacterial identification from Raman spectra offers a promising label-free and nondestructive approach, providing molecular fingerprints at the single-cell level. However, practical implementation is constrained by low signal-to-noise ratios arising from short acquisition times, severe class imbalance across bac...

Over recent years, generative AI (gen-AI) technology has infiltrated society, from AI text generators being viewed as the evolution of search engines to the ever-increasing AI generation of image and media content by online users. Yet the latter often contains signs that are identi...

Introduction: Agricultural chemicals such as pesticides are used to protect plants against insects and diseases. In this project, electrostatic spray is investigated with intelligent sensors for efficient use of pesticides. As a part of this project, COMSOL Multiphysics® model was developed ...

The primary cause for the slowness of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) convergence delay is the Minimum Route Advertisement Interval (MRAI). The MRAI is a timer with a default value of 30 seconds, which forces the BGP routers to wait for at least that amount of time...

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For over 25 years, the Government of Nepal has treated migration bans as its primary tool for protecting women who migrate abroad for domestic work. Since 2017, a blanket ban has prevented Nepali women from accessing formal migration pathways for domestic work, whilst since 20...

With this first Editorial of 2026, we continue our established tradition to look back on the previous year and to reflect on trends, performance and processes. We discuss the influx, processing and publishing of manuscripts, the diversity of submissions and the impact of the j...

In this letter, a dual-band dual-circularly polarized (CP) orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexed reflectarray (RA) is proposed, capable of generating vortex electromagnetic beams with distinct polarizations, mode numbers (l), and radiation directions across different bands. First, it presents an ...