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Title: | Measuring upper limb active joint position sense: Introducing a new clinical tool - The Upper Limb Proprioception Reaching Test |
Authors: | Ager, AL Roy, JS Hébert, LJ Roos, M Borms, D Cools, AM |
Keywords: | upper limb;active joint position sense;proprioception;validity;reliability |
Issue Date: | 14-Jul-2023 |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Citation: | Ager, A.L. et al. (2023) 'Measuring upper limb active joint position sense: Introducing a new clinical tool - The Upper Limb Proprioception Reaching Test', Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, 66, 102829, pp. 1 - 8. doi: 10.1016/j.msksp.2023.102829. |
Abstract: | Background: Proprioception is our sense of body awareness, including the sub-category of active joint position sense (AJPS). AJPS is fundamental to joint stability and movement coordination. Despite its importance, there remain few confident ways to measure upper limb AJPS in a clinic. Objective: To assess a new AJPS clinical tool, the Upper Limb Proprioception Reaching Test (PRO-Reach; seven targets), for discriminant validity, intra-rater and absolute reliability. Design: Cross-sectional measurement study. Methods: Seventy-five healthy participants took part in a single session with 2 consecutive evaluations (E1 and E2) (within-day reliability). Twenty participants were randomly selected to perform a dominant shoulder fatigue protocol (discriminant validity), whereafter a third evaluation was repeated (E3). The PRO-Reach was analyzed with paired t tests (discriminant validity), intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and minimal detectable change [MDC]) (intra-rater: within-day and between-trial relative and absolute reliability). Results: The PRO-Reach supports moderate (mostly superior targets) to excellent (mostly inferior targets) reliability. Between-trial ICCs (T1/T2/T3) varied between 0.72 and 0.90, and within-day (E1/E2) ICCs between 0.45 and 0.72, with associated MDC95 values (3.9–5.0 cm). The overall scores (seven targets) supported the strongest within-day reliability (ICC = 0.77). The inferior targets demonstrated the highest between-trial and within-day reliability (ICCs = 0.90 and 0.72). A fatigue effect was found with the superior and superior-lateral targets (P <.05). Conclusions: The inferior targets and overall scores demonstrate the strongest reliability. The use of the PRO-Reach tool may be suitable for clinical use upon further psychometric testing amongst pathological populations. Level of evidence: Level III cross-sectional study. |
Description: | Availability of data materials: All authors consent to all data being openly public and accessible. Supplementary data are available online at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468781223001145?via%3Dihub#appsec1 . |
URI: | https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/29688 |
DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2023.102829 |
ISSN: | 2468-8630 |
Other Identifiers: | ORCiD: Amanda L. Ager https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5177-9494 102829 |
Appears in Collections: | Dept of Health Sciences Research Papers |
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